Chapter 8 : How do search engines work?

 

• Internet search engines are web search engines that search and retrieve information on the web. Most of them use crawler indexer architecture. They depend on their crawler modules. Crawlers also referred to as spiders are small programs that browse the web.
• Crawlers are given an initial set of URLs whose pages they retrieve. They extract the URLs that appear on the crawled pages and give this information to the crawler control module. The crawler module decides which pages to visit next and gives their URLs back to the crawlers.
• The topics covered by different search engines vary according to the algorithms they use. Some search engines are programmed to search sites on a particular topic while the crawlers in others may be visiting as many sites as possible.
• The crawl control module may use the link graph of a previous crawl or may use usage patterns to help in its crawling strategy.
• The indexer module extracts the words form each page it visits and records its URLs. It results into a large lookup table that gives a list of URLs pointing to pages where each word occurs. The table lists those pages, which were covered in the crawling process.
• A collection analysis module is another important part of the search engine architecture. It creates a utility index. A utility index may provide access to pages of a given length or pages containing a certain number of pictures on them.
• During the process of crawling and indexing, a search engine stores the pages it retrieves. They are temporarily stored in a page repository. Search engines maintain a cache of pages they visit so that retrieval of already visited pages expedites.
• The query module of a search engine receives search requests form users in the form of keywords. The ranking module sorts the results.
• The crawler indexer architecture has many variants. It is modified in the distributed architecture of a search engine. These search engine architectures consist of gatherers and brokers. Gatherers collect indexing information from web servers while the brokers give the indexing mechanism and the query interface. Brokers update indices on the basis of information received from gatherers and other brokers. They can filter information. Many search engines of today use this type of architecture.

Example of 5 engines  on the Internet

http://ask.com/

http://www.google.co.th/

http://www.aol.com/

 

http://www.bing.com/

http://www.yahoo.com/

Ideas to help and support the flooding crisis in Thailand

- Every community affected is already in desperate need of water, rice, basic supplies, even clothes.

- After  flooding crisis. Project concept and idea to help flood victim after flood. looking for ideas to help flooding crisis  flood victim to earn income after flood eg. Otop clothes bag, handmade books or calendar, key ring.

Chapter : 6 Example of a Report and Citation

Report

Citation

Chapter 5: Database

The example of Book Database 

Birds of Paradise (2011)
 

Chapter 4 The Reference Collection

The Reference Collection 

• encyclopedias
• dictionaries  
• almanacs  
• atlases
• directories  
• statistical sources 
• bibliographies 

Chapter 3 : Library

 Library

What is Sripatum University website? Identify URL
 http://web.spu.ac.th/

Why should students go to library
Search the information by the internet, Reading the books / newspaper / magazine, Borrow the books and VCDs that you need.

What is the Library of Congress classification? (L.C)
is subject-based classifying and arranging items by the subjects matter involved. LC uses Alphabet to represent the subjects Alphabet is A - Z

What is the Dewey Decimal Classification? (D.D.C.)
Is to use the number 000 - 900 to represent the subjects.

What is call number?
 A call number is like an address: it tells us where the book is located in the library.

What is the Online Public Access Catalog (OPAC)
Is an online database of materials held by a library or group of libraries. Users search alibrary catalog principally to locate books and other material physically located at a library.


Credit : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Library_of_Congress
           http://www.usg.edu/galileo/skills/unit03/libraries03_04.phtml
           http://www.cerritos.edu/library/guides/research/LC_System.html

Chapter 2 : Objective facts/Subjective opinion

1. Objective Facts

Ex. Japanese Spitz

The Japanese Spitz (日本スピッツ, Nihon Supittsu) is a small to medium breed of dog of the Spitz type. The Japanese Spitz is a companion dog and pet. There are varying standards around the world as to the ideal size of the breed, but they are always larger than their smaller cousins, the Pomeranian. They were developed in Japan in the 1920s and 30s by breeding a number of other Spitz type dog breeds together. They are recognized by the vast majority of the major kennel clubs, except the American Kennel Club due to it being similar appearance to the white Pomeranian dog, American Eskimo Dog and Samoyed Dog. While they are a relatively new breed, they are becoming widely popular due to their favorable temperament and other features.

The major health concern is patellar luxation, and a minor recurring concern is that the breed can be prone to runny eyes. They can act as reliable watchdogs, but are a type of companion dog and prefer to be an active part of the family. Although they might appear fluffy, they are a low maintenance breed as the coat has a non stick texture often compared to teflon.

2. Subjective Opinion

Ex. Japanese Spitz

The Japanese Spitz is a small dog, around 33 cm  at the withers, with a somewhat square body, deep chest, and a very thick, pure white double coat. The coat consists of an outer coat that stands off from the soft inner coat, with fur shorter on the muzzle and ears as well as the fronts of the forelegs and the hindlegs. A ruff of longer fur is around the dog's neck. It has a pointed muzzle and small, triangular shape prick ears (ears that stand up.) The tail is long, heavily covered with long fur, and is carried curled over and lying on the dog's back. The white coat contrasts with the black pads and nails of the feet, the black nose, and the dark eyes. The large oval (akin to a ginko seed) eyes are dark and slightly slanted with white eyelashes, and the nose and lips and eye rims are black. The face of the Japanese Spitz is wedge-shaped.

Credit http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_Spitz